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Role of FM of sand

The grading and maximum size of aggregates is important parameters in any concrete mix. They affect relative proportions in mix, workability, economy, porosity and shrinkage of concrete etc. Experience has shown that very fine sands or very coarse sands are objectionable – the former is uneconomical, the latter gives harsh unworkable mixes. Thus the object in this paper is to find the best fineness modulus of sand to get the optimum grading of combined aggregate (all-in-aggregate), which is most suitable, and for economy. In general, the grading of aggregates, which do not have a deficiency or excess of any size of aggregate and give a smooth grading curve, produce the most suitable concrete mix. Further a cohesive mix is also desired for the pumped concrete produced by RMC Plant. In the present investigations, effect of the grading of river sand particles has been investigated for a good Concrete mix. Sand has been sorted in three categories i.e. Fine, Medium, and Coarse. These w...
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RCPT - rapid chloride ions penetration test

Rapid chloride ion penetration test as per ASTM C 1202 is test of concrete in which 95 mm - 102 mm diameter and 50 mm thick concrete disc is fixed between NaCl and NaOH solutions. Then current is passed through it @60 volt for 6 hours, passed current is measured in couloumb. This is called chloride ion permiablity. Actually it's a permiablity test for concrete. Generally it's limits is 1000 to 1500 coulomb at 28 days. Test is also permitted on 56, 91 days.
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Penetration Test for Bitumen IS 1203 1978

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