Concrete joints are provided to compensate thermal expansion and contraction. The structural separation of concrete members to allow independent movement without damage. They are designed to absorb thermal expansion of concrete. They are commonly provided in bridges, slabs, railways. Bitumen Fibre Board, Dura Board Normally structures exceeding 45 m in length are designed with one or more expansion joints. The pre planned cutting grooves are given in concrete where occurrence of cracks are expected. The depth of groove is 25% of total thickness of the concrete member. Grooves are given in a straight line. These are due to shrinkage or temperature variations. Cutting grooves with blade. Providing glass strips panels not exceeding 3 sqm area in flooring When the work cannot be completed in a single day, construction joints are provided in concrete. These are common in big rafts, beams where joint is provided at L/3 Nito bond, Sika latex,Bitumen Fibre Board, Dura Board
Rapid chloride ion penetration test as per ASTM C 1202 is test of concrete in which 95 mm - 102 mm diameter and 50 mm thick concrete disc is fixed between NaCl and NaOH solutions. Then current is passed through it @60 volt for 6 hours, passed current is measured in couloumb. This is called chloride ion permiablity. Actually it's a permiablity test for concrete. Generally it's limits is 1000 to 1500 coulomb at 28 days. Test is also permitted on 56, 91 days.
The grading and maximum size of aggregates is important parameters in any concrete mix. They affect relative proportions in mix, workability, economy, porosity and shrinkage of concrete etc. Experience has shown that very fine sands or very coarse sands are objectionable – the former is uneconomical, the latter gives harsh unworkable mixes. Thus the object in this paper is to find the best fineness modulus of sand to get the optimum grading of combined aggregate (all-in-aggregate), which is most suitable, and for economy. In general, the grading of aggregates, which do not have a deficiency or excess of any size of aggregate and give a smooth grading curve, produce the most suitable concrete mix. Further a cohesive mix is also desired for the pumped concrete produced by RMC Plant. In the present investigations, effect of the grading of river sand particles has been investigated for a good Concrete mix. Sand has been sorted in three categories i.e. Fine, Medium, and Coarse. These w...
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